- Thursday, June 24, 2010
- Published at:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
- Abstract:
Objective: To study hemagglutinin genetic evolution of some Middle East (ME) 2009 H1N1 pdm isolates and compared them with prototype vaccine strain (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)), which is used as a vaccine strain in the Northern Hemisphere 2010-2011.
Methods: Nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences of HA gene of fifty-four of ME 2009 H1N1 pdm isolates were retrieved from GenBank Database by using Basic BLAST engine. Phylogenetic trees were established for both nucleotide and amino acid sequences using the Muscle algorithm of the computer program CLC free workbench 5.6.1 JRE software. Amino acids alignment was also done to compare between sequences HA1 domains of HA genes of ME 2009 H1N1 pdm isolates (n=39) with amino acid sequence of prototype vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 (H1N1).
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of amino acids and nucleotides of the HA gene of the ME 2009 H1N1 pdm isolates confirmed their evolutionary position in cluster with prototype vaccine strain (A/Cali
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- Wednesday, April 14, 2010
- Published at:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 266-269, April 2010, by Ghaleb Adwan, Bassam Abu-Shanab, Kamel Adwan
- Objective: To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between ethanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) (seed), Sacropoterium spinosum (S. spinosum) (seed), Rosa damascena (R. damascene) (flower) and certain known antimicrobial drugs including oxytetracycline HCl, penicillin G, cephalexin, sulfadimethoxine as sodium, and enrofloxacin. This synergy study was carried out against 3 clinical strains of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Methods: Evaluation of synergy interaction between plant extracts and antimicrobial agents was carried out using microdilution method. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in the MIC in case of combination of ethanolic plant extracts and test antimicrobial agents. The most interesting result was that the combination between R. coriaria and these antibiotics, showed a high decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and a strong bactericidal activity against these strains. Conclusions: These results may indic
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- Friday, January 22, 2010
- No abstract
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- Friday, October 23, 2009
- Published at:Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 17:1, 5-16, 2009; Ghaleb M Adwan
- SUMMARY: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 previously known to infect only birds was also found to infect human, causing disease and death. Continuous outbreaks of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A resulted in an urgent effort to improve treatments, vaccines, and diagnosis to lower the threat of an influenza pandemic.
Control measures and continuous surveillance aimed at reducing exposure of human to potential H5N1-infected poultry. Pandemic human influenza viruses have been emerging for many centuries, thrice only in last century. These pandemics were caused by the most common subtypes of circulating viruses in the community at that time. The influenza virus has segmented genome, which undergoes continuous mutations and genetic reassortments.
Phylogenetic analyses of the H5N1 viruses isolated from humans showed that these viruses were identical to those circulating in poultry. Any genetic change in H5N1 enabling human to human transmission may lead to a pandemic of human influenza.
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- Friday, September 4, 2009
- Published at:Adwan G, Abu-Shanab B, Odeh M. 2009. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2(5): 44-48.
- Objective: This study was conducted to update the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates among human clinical S. aureus isolates recovered from Northern Palestine, to evaluate the possible presence of vancomycin-Resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin- intermediate resistant S. aureus strains (VISA) and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of these clinical isolates.
Methods: The in-vitro activities of 11 antibiotics against 204 non-duplicate S. aureus isolates from clinical samples in North of Palestine were determined by the disk-diffusion method. These samples were isolated between June 2006 and December 2007. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for 115 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was carried out using the agar dilution method.
Results: One hundred and fifteen (56.4%) of these isolates were MRSA and according to their antibiotic profile these are multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more non-β-l
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