- Friday, October 31, 2008
- Published at:Not Found
- Abstract Global climate change is predicted as a result of increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. It is predicted that climate change will result in increasing temperature by 2 to 6°C and a possible reduction of precipitation of up to 16% in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, the West Bank is taken as a case study from the Mediterranean basin to evaluate the effects of such climate change on water resources availability and agricultural water demands. Due to the uncertainty in climate change impacts on temperature and precipitation, a number of scenarios for these impacts were assumed within the range of predicted changes. For temperature, three scenarios of 2, 4 and 6°C increase were assumed. For precipitation, two scenarios of no change and 16% precipitation reduction were assumed. Based on these scenarios, monthly evapotranspiration and monthly precipitation excess depths were estimated at seven weather stations distributed over the different climatic and g
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- Thursday, January 1, 2004
- Published at:Water international, 2004, vol. 29, no2, pp. 232-242
- Middle Eastern countries (ME, particularly Israel, Jordan and Palestine) are expected to face severe water shortages in the near future. As most conventional water resources are already developed or over exploited, there is a need to develop non-conventional options to bridge water shortages. These options include brackish and sea water desalination and fresh water imports from outside the region either by sea or land. Technically, non-conventional options are possible and feasible, however, depending on many factors, these options are available at a high capital investment with different costs and are associated with some environmental and ecological impacts and political considerations. Water and other conflicts in the region along with funding problems are the main obstacles to the implementation of such options in the ME. Integrating conventional and non-conventional water development options are found to be a more viable combination on the long term. Cooperation between ME countries is found to be a key
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- Sunday, June 1, 2003
- Published at:Not Found
- This research work intended to study the impacts of irrigation water containing various levels of copper, lead, and zinc on adsorption capacity of soil packed in 4 plastic columns and obtained from two locations around the city of Nablus: Salem (A) and Deir Sharaf (B). Results of simulation experiments showed an increase in the copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in soil and in leachate with increasing the amount of metal in irrigation water. Copper, lead, and zinc concentrations increased also with soil depth and duration of application. The results also indicate that the self purification of both soils was highly affected by physical factors, i.e. the intermittent application of irrigation water to the soils in the columns caused soil wetting and drying cycles whichresulted in the formation of cracks in shrinked soils specially in the top half of the columns. Crack formation is common in such clay soils due to the climatic conditions (Mediterranean type: dry summers and wet winters) and type of clay miner
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- Friday, February 1, 2002
- Published at:Not Found
- A model to solve the hydraulics of trickleirrigation units is developed in thisstudy. This model is based on utilizingNewton Raphson technique. The modelconverts laterals into equivalent outletsthrough utilizing a simple power relationbetween inlet lateral discharge andhydraulic head. This relation is obtainedthrough least squares analysis betweeninlet lateral discharge and hydraulic head. This study showed that this relation withonly two coefficients is sufficient todescribe the relation between inlet lateraldischarge and hydraulic head. Based onthis relation, the model converts manifoldlines into equivalent laterals and solvestheir hydraulics by Newton Raphsontechnique. After that solution, the modelevaluates trickle irrigation units byestimating statistical uniformity andChristiansen uniformity coefficients andchecks the solution obtained throughforward step method for each lateral. Several numerical examples for utilizingthe model are presented in this paper.
Irrigation and Drainage S
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- Tuesday, January 1, 2002
- Published at:Not Found
- A study was conducted in Tubas district in a field located in Wadi Al-Fara’. The area is under irrigation and rich with ground water (Fara’ basin). Potatoe crop was selected as it is one of the most important irrigated crops in the area. Spunta cultivar was used. Two experiments were conducted. The first was conducted to determine the most suitable type of nitrogen source, and the second experiment was conducted to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilization for potatoes. It was found that the type and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, added to potatoes plants, affected both crop quantity and quality. The vegetative dry weight was increased when nitrogen fertilizers were used. In addition, the use of both urea and ammonium sulfate increases potato yield. Mixing the organic acid fertilizer with ammonium sulfate or urea also increased the production insignificantly. It was found that increasing the amount of nitrogen increases the number of tubers, size, hardness and the density of the tuber. A qu
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