- Tuesday, January 1, 2008
- Published at:Not Found
- The reuse of treated wastewater offers opportunities to reduce the demand for scarce potable water resources. Importantly, social acceptance poses a barrier to the effective use of this resource should the concept not be comprehensively presented. This research highlights the potential for reuse of wastewater, identifies the areas of concern and examines the most important factors that affect wastewater reuse in the West Bank, Palestine. The most important factors considered are social, religious, economic, health, political, freshwater scarcity and institutional framework. It is found that traditions have negative effect on the acceptance of wastewater reuse. The psychological factor is negatively affecting the opinion of the community. Public awareness is weak and the information provided is not sufficient. The research will contribute to the improvement of the environment and sustainable development of the West Bank and proposes guidelines for a strategic plan for wastewater reuse.
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- Friday, June 1, 2007
- Published at:The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 32, Number 1C
- Among the most basic challenges of hydrology are the quantitative understanding of the processes of runoff generation and prediction of flow hydrographs. Traditional techniques have been widely applied for the estimation of runoff hydrographs of gauged catchments using historical rainfall–runoff data and unit hydrographs. Such procedures are questioned as to their reliability and their application to ungauged, arid, and semiarid catchments. To overcome such difficulties, the use of physically based rainfall–runoff estimation methods such as the Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) approach has evolved. This paper models the rainfall–runoff process of Faria catchment using the lately developed KW–GIUH. Faria catchment, located in the northeastern part of the West Bank, Palestine, is characterized as a semiarid region with annual rainfall depths ranging on average from 150 to 640 mm at both ends of the catchment. The Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques were us
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- Monday, January 1, 2007
- Published at:Not Found
- Different treatment technologies are reported to have been applied for treating olive-mills wastewater (OMW). Among these are the anaerobic combined with aerobic, forced evaporation, chemical, and biological treatment methods. The reuse of the solid residue of olive-mills is reported, among others, as burning material or as filtering media. This paper evaluates the treatment options of the OMW generated in Palestine. It elaborates on the different treatment and management alternatives and examines their effectiveness. A sample of 20 Mills has been surveyed in the Nablus-Tulkarem region and their wastewater quantities and characteristics are presented. Centralized treatment and disposal plants for OMW are recommended as a practical option for Palestine. Oil-extraction process modifications in combination with forced evaporation are recommended as the most appropriate management and treatment option.
An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114
Volume 21 , 2
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- Monday, January 1, 2007
- Published at:Eleventh International Water Technology Conference, IWTC11 2007 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt
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The availability of adequate water of appropriate quality has become a limiting factor for development, worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity is a dominant problem, the overexploitation of water resources threatens to deteriorate the availability of these natural resources. Wadi Faria catchments, located within the Jordan River Basin in Palestine, are under arid and semiarid conditions as characterized by the scarcity of its natural water resources and the low per capita water allocation. Wadi Faria is a perennial stream in which 11 fresh water springs form the baseflow. Annual discharges from these springs vary from less than 4 to 42 MCM with an approximate average of 13.5 MCM. These available water resources have sustainable-yield limits that do not meet the water needs. Management of the available water in Wadi Faria is essential for the sustainable development of the area. This has compelled the motivation for developing a set of management options to optimally manage the basefl
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- Sunday, January 1, 2006
- Published at:Not Found
- The Eocene aquifer is one of the major groundwater aquifers in Palestine. It is located in the northeastern part of the West Bank covering areas of both Jenin and Nablus districts. The development of the groundwater within the Eocene aquifer is very essential for the Palestinian water supply. This paper simulates for groundwater flow in the Eocene aquifer using MODFLOW as a strong available groundwater model. The groundwater budget, flow computation, and flow path-lines were estimated and calibrated. Groundwater balance has been evaluated. The Modeling results show that a minimum initial level of 340 m above sea level should be applied to model the hydraulics of the aquifer correctly. The recharge and hydraulic conductivity are the most sensitive model parameters. The hydraulic conductivity in some areas has proved to be double than assumed by other literatures. More reasonable recharge coefficients in comparison to other literatures have been obtained. Groundwater balance indicated that the water budget of t
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